A government’s exercise of eminent domain is really a condemnation where private property is legally taken for public use. Gain (or loss) from the event is the difference between the award you received and the adjusted basis of the portion of the property taken. If the award is more than your basis, you have a gain which you report as a capital gain unless you are eligible for and opt to apply the home sale exclusion. If the award is less than your basis, you have a loss which is not deductible. Find more information in IRS Publication 544 (https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p544.pdf).
Advance payment of current tax liability based either on wage withholdings or installment payments of your estimated tax liability. To avoid penalties, you generally must pay to the IRS either 90% of your final tax liability, or either 100% or 110% of the prior year’s tax liability, depending on your adjusted gross income.