If you have a C corporation that files Form 1120, you only report compensation (including wages, bonuses, and taxable fringe benefits), dividends, and other taxable distributions received. The corporation itself pays tax on its profits. However, if you have an S corporation, in addition to reporting compensation and dividends, you also report your share of corporate profits on Schedule E of Form 1040. The amount reported on Schedule E is taken from Schedule K-1 issued to you by the S corporation.
A fixed deduction allowed to every taxpayer, except those who may be claimed as a dependent by another person. Extra exemption deductions are allowed for a spouse on a joint return and for each qualifying dependent. A deduction of $3,400 is allowed for each exemption claimed on 2007 returns, but the deduction is phased out for certain high income individuals.