If an owner-employee of an S corporation pays business expenses, no deduction is allowed. This is because of the suspension of unreimbursed employee business expenses from 2018 through 2025. If the corporation has an accountable plan to reimburse business expenses paid by the owner-employee, then the reimbursements are tax free to the individual and deductible by the corporation to the usual extent allowed. “Accountable plans” are explained in IRS Publication 463.
Test for determining deductibility of IRA deductions. Active participants in employer retirement plans are subject to IRA deduction phase-out rules if adjusted gross income exceeds certain threshold.